GPS AND GPRS BASED TELEMONITORING SYSTEM FOR EMERGENCY PATIENT TRANSPORTATION FOR THE EMERGENCY UNIT OF MATER MISERICORDIA HOSPITAL AFIKPO, EBONYI STATE

GPS AND GPRS BASED TELEMONITORING SYSTEM FOR EMERGENCY PATIENT TRANSPORTATION FOR THE EMERGENCY UNIT OF MATER MISERICORDIA HOSPITAL AFIKPO, EBONYI STATE

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GPS AND GPRS BASED TELEMONITORING SYSTEM FOR EMERGENCY PATIENT TRANSPORTATION FOR THE EMERGENCY UNIT OF MATER MISERICORDIA HOSPITAL AFIKPO, EBONYI STATE

ABSTRACT

The research work is the implementation of a GPS and GPRS based Telemonitoring System for emergence patient transportation, a data transfer and navigation system into a telemonitoring system for the purpose of facilitating information passage between the operators of the telemonitoring system and paramedics in the ambulance unit. The monitoring (server) system at hospital monitors ambulance location using Google map which also include biomedical sensors to monitor heart bit rate and temperature of patient through SMS. The emergency patient transportation systems uniquely require transmission of data pertaining to the patient, vehicle, time of the call, physiological signals like ECG, blood pressure body temperature, blood oxygen saturation, and location information. The front end application at the monitoring system is developed using Visual Basic 6 software in Personal Computers. It can display location of ambulance and status of heart bit rate and temperature of patient. After receiving SMS, the hospital can prepare their staff for proper treatment of the coming patient.

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

INTRODUCTION

Telemonitoring is a medical practice that involves remotely monitoring patients who are not at the same location as the health care provider. In general, a patient will have a number of monitoring devices at home and the result of these devices will be transmitted via a telephone to the health care provider.

A Telemonitoring system incorporates innovation technology with in-home, self-monitoring assistances to collect real time updates regarding a person’s vital signs. The self-monitoring test result are captured and transmitted to a central database that stores the information that can be accessed remotely by the patient, the patient’s family and their healthcare team. Actions and modifications can be made with the results and can be utilized for on-going care recommendations.

General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) is a data transfer specification used by the Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) and Global System for Mobile communications (GSM) networks. The GPRS system makes use of the entire coverage area and frequency of its host networks to transmit data packets. Data packets are segments of data sent between computers or network devices. The GPRS system provides subscribers with uninterrupted data connection instead of a dial-up connection.

Global Positioning System (GPS) is a navigation system for portable devices that uses a network of satellites surrounding the planet. A compatible device such as a smartphone or a dedicated navigation device having a built-in receiver chip can pick up regular signals from the satellites; each signal is time-coded so the device can calculate how far away it is from the satellite based on the time the signal takes to arrive.

Most governments especially from developing economies are exploring better and cheaper alternatives of delivering health services to their citizens and the advent of technology especially ICT (Information and Communications Technology) has pioneered better concepts of delivering health care at affordable rates and with a high probability of targeting or reaching out to more people especially in remote habitations.

Nigeria has a population of more than 140 million people, a major percentage of which live in the remote rural areas, with little or no access to modern health-care facilities. Geographic isolation, the scarcity of physicians and hospitals, and difficulties of travel to larger cities where such care is available are among the factors limiting this access. Governments at federal, state and local levels, have been making healthcare in these remote rural areas their focal point over the years so as to enable citizens in both rural and urban areas have equal access to medical services and clinical healthcare despite the geographic isolation barriers but this effort has only been partly successful. Therefore, using a system of healthcare that could allow doctors gain access to patients in remote locations is necessary and most useful in achieving government’s aims of bringing useful healthcare to these remote rural and poorer areas. This among other things would improve the quality of healthcare in rural and outlying areas, lower costs of delivering healthcare and give remotely placed physicians the opportunity to consult over any patient’s case.

Thus, the aim of Telemonitoring is to provide expert-based health care to understaffed remote sites and to provide advanced emergency care through modern telecommunication and information technologies. Telemonitoring systems are supported by State of the Art Technologies like Interactive video, high resolution monitors, high speed computer networks and switching systems, and telecommunications superhighways including fiber optics, satellites and cellular telephony.

Emergency patient transportation is handled with an ambulance which is a vehicle for transporting the sick or injured people, from or between places of treatment for an illness or injury especially in emergency and in some instances will provide out-of-hospital medical care to the patient. Hence there is a need for communication between the staff of the ambulance and the central monitoring station. The doctor needs to understand the physical and physiological condition of the patient so that the right decision regarding administration of drugs and transport destination can be appropriately taken. Administrative requirements include the location of the vehicle and personnel attendance details. Deploying these instruments would mean that separate communication mechanism, namely, the usage of separate SIM cards and separate GSM/GPRS modems, would be required resulting in increased recurring expenditure. Hence a comprehensive, cost effective system that can acquire physiological data from the patient keyed-in data from a keyboard and location data from a GPS receiver as well as voice signals and send them using cellular network is needed.

BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY

Mater Misericordia hospital, Afikpo is a voluntary agency built and opened by Late Bishop Thomas MacGettrick in 1946, which started with 24beds and has now grown into a big hospital. It is now managed by the Catholic Diocese of Abakaliki under the proprietor, His Lordship most Rev. Dr. Michael Nnachi Okoro.

The hospital stands on 18.5 acres of undulating land leased to her since 1946 by the people of Evuma and Ugwuegu in Afikpo North Local Government Area Ebonyi State. It is situated away from the centre of Afikpo town, but with easy accessible road network.

The hospital has modern technological operating theatres and state of the art medical equipment needed to give quality and efficient medical services to patients. Most of their equipment is rarely seen in private hospitals around and even in some public ones. It also has ambulances and other buses to facilitate the work in the hospital.

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

The number of road accidents victims in every busy city like Afikpo (with the presence of a higher institution) can be unimaginable. Immediate medical attention to critically ill patients and accident victims followed with transportation to a well-equipped local facility within the golden hour can save many lives.

Also, the need to provide expert doctor’s advice as to help the paramedics in Ambulance unit in attending to the patient while transporting the patient to the hospital.

1.3 MOTIVATION

The need for a system that will adequately assist the paramedics in attending to patients with emergency cases on their way to the hospital, providing communication between the staff of the ambulance and the central monitoring station, as to obtain accurate and reliable data of the patients before they arrive the hospital for further treatments in order to save their lives spurred me on undertaking this study; there has been many deaths occurrence as a result of time wastage and indifference in promptly attending to emergency patients in our country Nigeria.

1.4 AIMS AND OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY

The aim and objective of this work is to design a data transfer and navigation system into a Telemonitoring System for the purpose of facilitating information passage between the operators of the Telemonitoring System and paramedics in the ambulance unit of Mater Misericordia Hospital for the emergency transportation of patients.

1.5 PURPOSE OF THE STUDY

To design and implement a system that cater for the specific requirement of acquiring physiological data, keyed-in data, patient snapshot, and voice signals.
Placing the system in an equipped ambulance that can take vital signs, assess oxygen saturation, monitor blood pressure etc. that will reduce the risk of death involved in Emergency Patient transportation.
Transmitting the data using a cellular network to a Central Monitoring Station that helps in coordinating with the medical personnel of the hospital.

1.6 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

Implementation of a Global Positioning System and General Packet Radio Services- based Telemonitoring System for emergence patient transportation will be of immense benefit to the hospital. The system will assist the hospital achieve the following:

1. Improve the communication between the paramedics and staff at the central monitoring station.

2. To help the doctors in knowing the physical and physiological condition of the patient better as to prepare and take the right decisions regarding administration of drugs and possible treatments before the patients get to the hospital.

3. Administrative requirements including the location of the vehicle, and the patient’s history details can easily be retrieved.

1.7 ORGANIZATION OF THE WORK

This work provide a detailed overview of the project in chapterone, after which the review of related literatures and technology incorporated in the design of the project, are explained in chapter two. Chapter three focused on the various methods used in the research, which are the design consideration and the design architecture. In chapter four, the implementation of the design and evaluation of the work carried out was explained in details; also the discussion of the results was discussed here. In chapter five, the project was summarized, concluded and possible recommendations and suggestions made.

DEFINITION OF TERMS

Ambulance: A vehicle equipped for taking sick or injured people to and

from hospital, especially in emergencies.

CMS: This is an acronym for Central Monitoring Station. A centralized medical monitoring platform designed to efficiently and effectively manage information on multiple patients.

Demux: (Demultiplex). The reverse of multiplex process, combining multiple unrelated analog or digital signal streams intone signal over a single shared medium, such as a single conductor of copper wire or fiber optic cable

ECG An electrocardiogram (EKG or ECG); a test that checks for problems with the electrical activity of your heart, showing the heart’s electrical activity as line tracings on paper.

GPRS: This is an acronym for Global Packet Radio System. It is a packet oriented mobile data service on the 2G and 3G cellular communication system. A global system for mobile communication.

GPS: This is an acronym for Global Positioning System. It is a satellite-based radionavigation system owned by the united States government and it is a modern tracking system.

Graphics: These are graphics that use a three-dimensional representation of geometric data.

Maps: A diagrammatic representation of an area of land or sea showing physical features, cities roads etc.

Mux: (Multiplex). A method by which multiple analog or digital signals are combined into one signal over a shared medium.

IR sensors: An infrared sensor is an electronic instrument which is used

to sense certain characteristics of its surroundings by either emitting and/or detecting infrared radiation.

Navigation: The process or activity of navigating. A field of study that focuses on the process of monitoring and controlling the movement of a craft or vehicle from one place to another

RFID: This is an acronym for Radio Frequency Identification. It is a generic term for non-contacting technologies that use radio waves to automatically identify people or objects.

RFID Reader: is a network connected device (fixed or mobile) with an

antenna that sends power as well as data and commands to the tags. The RFID reader acts like an access point for RFID tagged items so that the tags’ data can be made available to business applications.

Smartphone: A mobile phone which incorporates a palmtop computer or PDA

Virtual : Almost or nearly as described, not physically existing as such but made by software to appear to do so.

2-D: An electronic maps of the area that usually highlight the path to follow and the current position of the user.

3-D: This is a three dimensional computer graphics of an area

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