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EFFECT OF INSTRUCTIONAL MODEL ON STUDENTS INTEREST IN TEACHING CHEMISTRY AMONG SENIOR SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND OF STUDY
Instructional model is the main factor necessary for impacting knowledge to the students or pupils. A number of models have been tested and agreed upon by educators as good. None of the models is however, perfect and effective for all situations but each of the models or a combination of them can be used at any particular time to impact our subject matter. (Onwuba E. 1983).
In the past, few models are used in impacting knowledge into the pupils which sometimes make them boring.
Callahur et al (1977) noted that the model by which the teacher presents his/her materials to the learners and engages them in the task at hand is very important. Modelology is very vital in every instructional and learning situation. This is because, for effective instructional and learning to take place, the skillful teacher needs to use the many different models and techniques at his command. Even though there is a great diversity in instructional models and techniques, there is no one of them that can be regarded as the best for every instructional situation. (Onwuka 1982).
A carefully designed instructional model can work wonders in making learning more effective. The success in the use of the model depends on intelligent analysis of the educational purposes, the pupils in the class, the curriculum, and content of the moment or the type of subject matter being taught. (Brown 1990).
There are some models considered more essential in impacting knowledge on the pupils. Such models are as follows: Discussion model, discovery model, play model, dramatization model, story telling model, demonstration model, lecture model and field trip model.
DISCUSSION MODEL
Discussion implies the participation of pupils in the process of learning by evaluating points of views, raising issues of their own and seeking solutions based upon study, examination and group analysis under the guidance of the teacher. In order for the discussion class to be effective, the teacher must know how to guide the pupils without dominating the discussion. (Mark 1982).
DEMONSTRATION MODEL
Demonstration model is a model of simultaneously showing and explaining the steps in an operation. it may also be concerned with an explanation of mechanism or material. This model is used with great effect on subjects or topics that demand acquisition of skills e.g. physical education operating, for instance a sewing machine or typewriter etc (Brown 1981).
DISCOVERY MODEL
Discovery model is a pretty difficult model. It involves providing learners with opportunities to discover new truths, rules, models of tackling problems as well as new values for themselves. Even though it is time consuming, the time spent is compensated by the joy of discovery. Learners, especially young learners are adventurous by nature. (Nurk 1984).
PROJECT MODEL
Project, discovery, experimentation etc, come under activity model in which the learner is actively involved in the learning process. The project model has been defined as a natural life like learning activity involving the investigation and solving of problems by an individual or small group (Okezie 2002).
LECTURE MODEL
Lecture model has been defined as a verbal presentation of subject matter, content, formally organized and supported by other learning (Benson and Florence 1992).
The teacher is the active person in lecture. He or she is obliged to tell the students, who more or less are passive.
It is one of the instructional models that have criticized widely as an inappropriate learning activity for the students (Paul and Rose 1992).
FIELD TRIP MODEL
Field trip as a instructional model provides students with first hand experiences in other words, a field allows pupils to see and observe processes in natural life settings.
The field trip actually takes the school to the Community/society. The educational value of the field trip is the opportunity to discover and explore new information as well as to apply and organize previous knowledge by concrete examples. Apart from saving to develop interest of pupils in earning as they can gather first hand information regarding the topic being discussed in class, field trips help in developing good public relations. (Onwubiko 1988).
1.2 STATEMENT OF PROBLEM
The development of instructional models is as old and closely associated with evolution of mankind. Since modelology is essential to academic achievement, it should be noted that two instructional models have more effects on junior secondary school students than one model.
This study therefore, intends to find out the effects of two instructional model on junior secondary school students in Enugu Education zone.
This study is also intended to find out what effect two instructional models have on the academic achievement of junior secondary school student in the instructional of computer science.
1.3 OBJECTIVE OF STUDY
The purposes of these studies are:
A. To ascertain the effect of two instructional models of computer science on academic achievement of junior secondary school students.
B. To examine the length of impact of two instructional models of computer science on academic achievement of junior secondary school students.
C. To be able to make recommendation for further studies based on the findings. It is believed by an author (named Nurk 2000) that successful investigation and implementation of findings shall go a long way in reducing little problems if any in effective of instructional models.
1.4 RESEARCH QUESTIONS
The researchers seek to find answers to the following questions.
1. What are the effects of two instructional models on academic achievement of junior secondary school students?
2. Do you feel that lack of sufficient instructional models in instructional and learning are among the factors that encourage the problems encountered in academic achievement of junior secondary students in Enugu Education zone?
3. Do you feel that with teachers providing necessary instructional models needed in lesson delivery, will help in solving most of the academic problems among junior secondary school students. (Onwuba 1983).
1.5 SIGNIFICANCE OF STUDY
The study on the effects of two instructional models of computer science on academic achievements of junior secondary school students in Enugu Education zone will be of great significance to the following: Researchers, students and teachers. It will enable students to know the problems hindering the effects of two instructional models of computer science on academic achievement of junior secondary school students. It will aid researchers to collect some data for their research backup. It will serve as an eye-opener to the teachers when selecting models of instructional suitable for a particular subject.
1.6 SCOPE/DELIMITATION OF THE STUDY
As earlier outlined, there are thousand and one of instructional models problems in lesson delivery.
So the research work was to undertake proper examination in the effects of two instructional models of computer science on academic achievement of junior secondary school students in Enugu Education zone.
1.7 DEFINITION OF TERMS
MODEL: It can be defined as a way of doing something
Especially a systematic way or scientific model
Of doing something.
INSTRUCTIONAL: It can be defined as a process of transferring
Knowledge from the teacher to the students.
MODELOLOGY: It is the model by which the teacher
Presents his materials to the learners and engages them
In the task at hand.
ZONE: It can be defined as an area with a particular features, purpose, or use.
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