INFLUENCE OF DRAINAGE NETWORK MISMANAGEMENT ON COMMUNITIES IN OBIO-AKPOR LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA, RIVERS STATE
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INFLUENCE OF DRAINAGE NETWORK MISMANAGEMENT ON COMMUNITIES IN OBIO-AKPOR LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA, RIVERS STATE
Abstract
Drainage systems play a crucial role in managing surface water, preventing flooding, and maintaining public health, especially in urban and semi-urban areas. This study investigates the impacts of drainage system conditions and their mismanagement in selected communities within Obio-Akpor Local Government Area of Rivers State, Nigeria. The research explores the causes, effects, and implications of poorly maintained or non-functional drainage systems, with a focus on environmental, infrastructural, and socio-economic consequences. Utilizing a mixed-methods approach, data were collected through structured questionnaires, field observations, and interviews with community residents and local government officials. The findings revealed that blocked and poorly designed drainage systems have led to frequent flooding, road degradation, waterborne diseases, and displacement of residents, particularly during the rainy season. Factors responsible for mismanagement include poor urban planning, lack of public awareness, indiscriminate waste disposal, and inadequate government enforcement of sanitation regulations. The study recommends the implementation of sustainable drainage designs, community sensitization on waste management, and effective government policies to ensure proper maintenance of drainage infrastructure. This research highlights the need for a collaborative approach between government authorities and community stakeholders to enhance environmental health and urban resilience in Obio-Akpor and similar urban communities.
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background to the Study
Drainage systems are vital components of urban infrastructure designed to control water flow, prevent flooding, and protect public health. Effective drainage ensures the proper discharge of stormwater and wastewater, thereby maintaining environmental hygiene and reducing health risks. However, in many parts of Nigeria, including Rivers State, the management and maintenance of drainage systems have become a growing concern due to rapid urbanization, poor planning, and inadequate waste management practices (Adeleke & Momoh, 2020).
Obio-Akpor Local Government Area, located in the heart of Port Harcourt metropolis, has witnessed significant population growth and urban expansion. This development, while economically beneficial, has strained existing infrastructure, particularly drainage networks. Many communities in the area suffer recurrent flooding, especially during the rainy season, largely attributed to blocked drains, poor construction of drainage channels, and indiscriminate disposal of solid waste (Ezenwaji et al., 2016). The poor state of drainage systems in Obio-Akpor has led to infrastructural damage, increased health hazards such as cholera and malaria, and economic losses among residents (Agunwamba, 2001).
Globally, sustainable urban drainage systems are prioritized in modern urban planning. However, in many developing countries, including Nigeria, the lack of investment in drainage infrastructure and poor public attitude toward waste disposal have compounded the challenges. The impact of this mismanagement is evident in environmental degradation and public health concerns (Nwachukwu, 2014). Thus, understanding the specific challenges faced by communities in Obio-Akpor is crucial for designing targeted interventions and sustainable urban solutions.
1.2 Statement of the Problem
Despite its strategic location and economic significance, Obio-Akpor suffers from persistent drainage issues. Poor design and maintenance of drains, coupled with weak regulatory enforcement, have led to severe flooding, especially during the rainy season. Many streets become impassable, properties are damaged, and health risks escalate due to stagnant water that becomes breeding grounds for mosquitoes and bacteria. The mismanagement of the drainage system—manifested through blocked culverts, unlined channels, and indiscriminate waste dumping—poses a threat to the environmental and socio-economic well-being of the inhabitants (Nwankwoala, 2012).
Despite numerous government policies on environmental sanitation, these issues remain unresolved. The apparent gap between policy formulation and implementation, alongside low community involvement, has further worsened the situation. This study seeks to investigate the specific impacts of the drainage system and its mismanagement on the selected communities in Obio-Akpor.
1.3 Objectives of the Study
The general objective of this study is to examine the impacts of the drainage system and its mismanagement in selected communities of Obio-Akpor Local Government Area.
The specific objectives are to:
Assess the current state of drainage infrastructure in the study area.
Identify the causes of drainage mismanagement in the selected communities.
Examine the environmental and health impacts of poor drainage systems.
Evaluate the role of government and community members in drainage system management.
Suggest sustainable measures for effective drainage system management in Obio-Akpor.
1.4 Research Questions
What is the condition of the drainage systems in the selected communities?
What factors contribute to the mismanagement of the drainage systems?
What are the environmental and health impacts of poor drainage in the study area?
What efforts have been made by government and residents to manage drainage issues?
What sustainable solutions can be proposed for effective drainage management?
1.5 Significance of the Study
This study is significant in several ways. First, it provides empirical insight into the state of drainage infrastructure in Obio-Akpor and how its mismanagement affects the local population. Second, it will serve as a useful resource for policy makers, urban planners, environmental agencies, and non-governmental organizations working toward sustainable urban development. Third, the research highlights community-level dynamics and participation, which are crucial for grassroots environmental management. Lastly, the study will contribute to the body of knowledge on urban infrastructure challenges in Nigeria and offer recommendations applicable to other urban areas experiencing similar issues (Olowu, 2010).
1.6 Scope of the Study
This study is limited to selected communities in Obio-Akpor Local Government Area of Rivers State. It focuses on the condition of the drainage systems, factors influencing their mismanagement, and the resultant impacts on the environment and public health. The research also explores efforts made by stakeholders to address the problem and suggests strategies for improvement.
1.7 Definition of Terms
Drainage System: A network of channels, pipes, and structures designed to remove excess water from land surfaces.
Mismanagement: The act of handling or managing something ineffectively or improperly.
Flooding: An overflow of water that submerges land that is usually dry, often due to poor drainage.
Obio-Akpor: A local government area in Rivers State, Nigeria, and part of the Port Harcourt metropolis.
Urban Infrastructure: Basic facilities and systems serving a city, such as roads, drainage, and water supply.
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