EFFECTS OF OPEN-AIR MARKET ACTIVITIES ON THE ENVIRONMENT IN AKURE SOUTH LGA

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EFFECTS OF OPEN-AIR MARKET ACTIVITIES ON THE ENVIRONMENT IN AKURE SOUTH LGA

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background to the Study

Open air markets are prominent features of urban and peri-urban settlements in Nigeria, serving as central hubs for commerce, employment, and social interaction. In Akure South Local Government Area (LGA) of Ondo State, markets such as Oja-Oba and several smaller open-air trading centres form vital components of the local economy. While these markets support livelihood activities, they also present environmental challenges that affect the health and quality of life of residents and traders. The continuous generation of waste, poor waste management practices, and environmental sanitation issues associated with these markets are significant concerns in many Nigerian cities, including Akure South (Olaleru & Rotowa, 2025; Dutable, 2017) .

Environmental degradation linked to open air markets is typically manifested through the proliferation of solid waste, indiscriminate dumping, air pollution from burning refuse, and the blockage of drainage systems. Studies have shown that in many markets, biodegradable and non-biodegradable wastes accumulate due to inadequate disposal facilities, irregular collection services, and weak enforcement of sanitation regulations (Olaleru & Rotowa, 2025). Such conditions contribute to low levels of environmental sanitation, which in turn facilitate the spread of communicable diseases and reduce the aesthetic quality of the urban environment (Dutable, 2017; Nature Reports, 2025) .

Furthermore, open air markets often experience high pedestrian and vehicular traffic, resulting in elevated levels of dust and particulates that degrade local air quality. Research on similar trading environments shows that unstructured market layouts combined with vehicular emissions and constant human movement can contribute to significant air pollution—posing respiratory risks to traders, customers, and nearby residents (IIETA, 2025) . Noise pollution originating from market activities such as loudspeakers, vendor calls, and transport operations further compounds environmental stressors, affecting communication, comfort, and overall well-being (SpringerLink, 2025) .

The environmental effects of open air markets therefore extend beyond simple waste accumulation: they influence air and water quality, public health, land use patterns, and urban infrastructure. In the context of Akure South LGA—an area experiencing rapid urban growth and increasing commercial activities—assessing these impacts is essential for developing targeted policies that balance economic benefits with environmental sustainability (Caribbean Journals, 2025) .

1.2 Statement of the Problem

Despite their economic importance, open air markets in Akure South LGA face persistent environmental challenges. Inefficient waste management systems lead to the accumulation of refuse, clogging drainage channels, creating foul odours, and attracting disease vectors. Poor enforcement of sanitation regulations exacerbates the problem, as traders and market users often lack convenient access to waste disposal facilities and may resort to open dumping or burning of refuse (Olaleru & Rotowa, 2025) .

Additionally, uncontrolled pedestrian and vehicular traffic associated with market operations contribute to air pollution, increasing exposure to particulate matter and reducing air quality for both traders and surrounding communities. The environmental health implications—ranging from respiratory conditions to compromised water quality—pose a significant threat to public well-being in the local government area (IIETA, 2025; Nature Reports, 2025) .

1.3 Research Questions

What are the major environmental effects of open air markets in Akure South LGA?

How do current waste management practices in these markets influence environmental quality?

What are the perceptions of traders and market users regarding environmental sanitation and associated health risks?

What strategies can be adopted to mitigate the environmental impacts of open air markets in Akure South LGA?

1.4 Research Objectives

The general objective of this study is to assess the environmental effects of open air markets in Akure South Local Government Area. The specific objectives include:

To identify the major environmental challenges associated with open air markets in Akure South LGA.

To evaluate the effectiveness of current waste management practices within these markets.

To examine traders’ and market users’ perceptions towards environmental sanitation and health risks.

To recommend sustainable strategies for mitigating the environmental impacts of open air markets.

1.5 Significance of the Study

This study will provide empirical evidence on how open air market activities contribute to environmental degradation in Akure South LGA, offering insights for policymakers, environmental managers, local government authorities, and community stakeholders. By identifying key areas of environmental concern, the findings will support the design of targeted interventions that improve sanitation, reduce pollution, and promote sustainable market practices.

1.6 Scope of the Study

The study focuses on selected open air markets within Akure South LGA, including major central markets and surrounding trading zones where environmental impacts are most visible. The assessment will cover waste disposal practices, air and noise pollution, traders’ perceptions, and policy implications for environmental management.

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