MODELLING AND OPTIMIZATION OF SOLAR-WIND ENERGY SYSTEM WITH PUMPED HYDRO-HYDROGEN ENERGY STORAGE
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MODELLING AND OPTIMIZATION OF SOLAR-WIND ENERGY SYSTEM WITH PUMPED HYDRO-HYDROGEN ENERGY STORAGE
Abstract
The increasing penetration of renewable energy sources into modern power systems is constrained by their inherent intermittency and variability. This study presents the modelling and optimization of a hybrid solar–wind energy system integrated with a pumped hydro–hydrogen energy storage framework to enhance reliability, energy efficiency, and supply continuity. Mathematical models are developed for the photovoltaic array, wind turbine, pumped hydro storage system, electrolyzer, hydrogen storage tank, and fuel cell, capturing the dynamic interactions among system components under varying environmental and load conditions. An optimization framework is formulated to minimize total system cost and power fluctuation while maximizing energy utilization and system reliability. Key decision variables include component sizing, storage dispatch strategies, and energy management policies. Simulation results demonstrate that the hybrid pumped hydro–hydrogen storage configuration effectively mitigates renewable energy intermittency, improves power balance, and reduces energy curtailment compared to standalone storage systems. The optimized system achieves enhanced operational flexibility, long-term energy storage capability, and reduced reliance on fossil fuel-based backup generation. The findings confirm that integrating pumped hydro and hydrogen storage provides a technically viable and economically promising solution for large-scale renewable energy integration, particularly in regions with abundant solar and wind resources. This study contributes to sustainable energy system planning by offering an optimized hybrid storage approach for achieving resilient and low-carbon power systems.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of the Study
1.2 Statement of the Research Problem
1.3 Aim and Objectives of the Study
1.4 Research Questions
1.5 Significance of the Study
1.6 Scope and Delimitation of the Study
1.7 Justification of the Study
1.8 Definition of Key Terms
CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 Concept of Renewable Energy Systems
2.2 Solar Energy System Modelling
2.3 Wind Energy System Modelling
2.4 Hybrid Solar–Wind Energy Systems
2.5 Energy Storage Technologies
2.5.1 Pumped Hydro Energy Storage
2.5.2 Hydrogen Energy Storage Systems
2.6 Energy Management Strategies for Hybrid Systems
2.7 Optimization Techniques in Renewable Energy Systems
2.8 Review of Related Empirical Studies
2.9 Research Gaps in Existing Studies
CHAPTER THREE: METHODOLOGY
3.1 Research Design
3.2 Description of the Hybrid Solar–Wind System
3.3 Mathematical Modelling of System Components
3.3.1 Photovoltaic System Model
3.3.2 Wind Turbine Model
3.3.3 Pumped Hydro Storage Model
3.3.4 Hydrogen Production and Storage Model
3.3.5 Fuel Cell Model
3.4 System Integration and Energy Management Strategy
3.5 Optimization Problem Formulation
3.5.1 Objective Functions
3.5.2 Constraints
3.6 Optimization Technique and Algorithm
3.7 Simulation Tools and Data Sources
3.8 Model Validation
CHAPTER FOUR: RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
4.1 Simulation Results of Solar and Wind Energy Output
4.2 Performance Analysis of Pumped Hydro Storage System
4.3 Performance Analysis of Hydrogen Energy Storage System
4.4 Optimization Results and System Sizing
4.5 Comparative Analysis with Conventional Storage Systems
4.6 Discussion of Results
CHAPTER FIVE: SUMMARY, CONCLUSION, AND RECOMMENDATIONS
5.1 Summary of Findings
5.2 Conclusion
5.3 Contributions to Knowledge
5.4 Recommendations
5.5 Limitations of the Study
5.6 Suggestions for Further Research
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