EVALUATION ON THE ACCURACY OF ULTRASOUND IN THE DETECTION OF HEPATITIS

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EVALUATION ON THE ACCURACY OF ULTRASOUND IN THE DETECTION OF HEPATITIS

Abstract:

Ultrasound imaging is a widely used diagnostic modality in the field of hepatology, offering a non-invasive and cost-effective means of evaluating liver conditions. This study aims to assess the accuracy of ultrasound in the detection of hepatitis, focusing on its ability to identify liver abnormalities associated with this inflammatory condition.

A systematic review of relevant literature was conducted, analyzing studies that compared ultrasound findings with gold standard methods such as liver biopsy or serological markers for hepatitis. The review encompassed a range of ultrasound parameters including liver size, echogenicity, and the presence of focal lesions.

The results of the review reveal that ultrasound demonstrates good sensitivity and specificity in detecting hepatitis-related liver changes, with notable findings such as hepatomegaly, altered liver echogenicity, and the presence of focal lesions. However, the accuracy of ultrasound in differentiating between various types and stages of hepatitis may vary.

Challenges such as operator dependency and the limitations of ultrasound in detecting early-stage hepatitis were also identified. Despite these limitations, ultrasound remains a valuable tool in the initial assessment of patients with suspected hepatitis due to its non-invasiveness and wide availability.

In conclusion, ultrasound imaging shows promise as an accurate and reliable method for detecting hepatitis-related liver changes. However, its role may be more suited for screening and initial evaluation, with the potential for further diagnostic tests such as liver biopsy or serological markers for confirmation and characterization of hepatitis types and stages.

Keywords: Ultrasound, Hepatitis, Liver Imaging, Accuracy, Sensitivity, Specificity, Liver Echogenicity, Hepatomegaly, Focal Lesions.

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background of the study

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is the world’s most common type of liver infection that th- reatens human health globally. China is one of the countries with the highest pre- valence of HBV infection. HBV is a viral in- fection that attacks the liver and can cause both acute and chronic disease, such as liver fibrosis, cirrhosis, ascites and even liver cancer . Liver fibrosis is a pathological process that caused by various chronic liver injuries, and liver fibrosis would progress to cirrhosis with- out intervention . For the above reasons, the diagnosis and detection of liver fibrosis is par- ticularly important.

There is no significant difference between early fibrosis and normal tissue on conventional ultrasound, thus it can only detect cirrhosis when in the final stage, in which no treatment can reverse liver fibrosis . It is shown that though there is no significant morphology change in the early stage of cirrhosis, the tissue elasticity has already changed, and early detection of this change can diagnose early liver fibrosis.

1.2 Statement of the problem

Currently, the gold standard for liver fibrosis diagnosis is liver biopsy, which is seldom accepted by the majority of patients due to its potential risks and complications, and biopsy cannot be used for the dynamic monitor of fibrosis staging . Therefore, non-invasive fibrosis evaluation method is being developed in recent years. Real-time elastography (RTE) is widely applied in superficial organ detection, and its use in liver fibrosis diagnosis has been explored lately [8, 9]. Sound velocity tissue quantification (SVQ) is a new kind of ultrasound imaging technology that has been used for tis- sue elasticity evaluation by tracking sound velocity . In this study, SVQ and RTE were compared for the detection of liver fibrosis.

1.3 Objectives of the study

1. To understand the impact of the evaluation of the accuracy of ultrasound in the detection of hepatitis

2. To identify the relationship between the accuracy of ultrasound and the detection of hepatitis

1.4 Research questions

1. What is the impact of the evaluation of the accuracy of ultrasound in the detection of hepatitis?

2. What isthe relationship between the accuracy of ultrasound and the detection of hepatitis?

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