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ANALYSIS OF BUSH PEAR AND ITS OIL
ABSTRACT
This study explores the comprehensive analysis of bush pear (Dacryodes edulis) and its oil, focusing on their nutritional, chemical, and potential health benefits. Bush pear, also known as African pear or butterfruit, is an indigenous fruit widely consumed in West Africa, recognized for its rich nutritional profile and economic significance. The primary objective of this research is to evaluate the proximate composition, phytochemical properties, and oil content of bush pear, alongside assessing the physicochemical characteristics and potential applications of its oil.
A systematic approach was adopted to analyze both the fruit and its oil. Proximate analysis of the bush pear pulp included the determination of moisture, ash, protein, fat, fiber, and carbohydrate content. Phytochemical screening was conducted to identify the presence of bioactive compounds such as flavonoids, tannins, saponins, alkaloids, and phenolics. The oil was extracted using solvent extraction methods, and its yield was quantified. Subsequently, the physicochemical properties of the extracted oil, including iodine value, saponification value, peroxide value, acid value, and fatty acid composition, were determined using standard analytical techniques.
Results indicated that bush pear is a rich source of essential nutrients, particularly fats and proteins, making it a valuable dietary component. The phytochemical analysis revealed significant levels of antioxidants, which contribute to the fruit’s potential health benefits, including anti-inflammatory and anti-microbial properties. The oil yield from bush pear was substantial, and the analysis of its physicochemical properties demonstrated its suitability for both culinary and industrial applications. The oil exhibited a favorable fatty acid profile, with a high content of unsaturated fatty acids, particularly oleic and linoleic acids, which are known for their health-promoting effects.
In conclusion, the study highlights the nutritional and phytochemical richness of bush pear and the promising qualities of its oil. These findings underscore the potential of bush pear and its oil as functional food ingredients and in various industrial applications, including cosmetics and pharmaceuticals. Further research is recommended to explore the full spectrum of its health benefits and to develop value-added products from this underutilized fruit.
Table of Contents
Chapter 1: Introduction
1.1 Background and Rationale
1.2 Objectives of the Study
1.3 Research Questions
1.4 Hypotheses
1.5 Significance of the Study
1.6 Structure of the Thesis
Chapter 2: Literature Review
2.1 Overview of Bush Pear (Dacryodes edulis)
2.1.1 Botanical Description
2.1.2 Geographic Distribution
2.1.3 Economic and Cultural Importance
2.2 Nutritional Composition of Bush Pear
2.3 Phytochemical Properties of Bush Pear
2.4 Oil Extraction Methods
2.5 Physicochemical Properties of Edible Oils
2.6 Health Benefits and Applications of Bush Pear and Its Oil
2.7 Previous Studies on Bush Pear and Its Oil
2.8 Knowledge Gaps and Research Needs
Chapter 3: Materials and Methods
3.1 Sample Collection and Preparation
3.2 Proximate Analysis
3.2.1 Moisture Content
3.2.2 Ash Content
3.2.3 Protein Content
3.2.4 Fat Content
3.2.5 Fiber Content
3.2.6 Carbohydrate Content
3.3 Phytochemical Screening
3.3.1 Flavonoids
3.3.2 Tannins
3.3.3 Saponins
3.3.4 Alkaloids
3.3.5 Phenolics
3.4 Oil Extraction Process
3.4.1 Solvent Extraction Method
3.4.2 Quantification of Oil Yield
3.5 Physicochemical Analysis of Oil
3.5.1 Iodine Value
3.5.2 Saponification Value
3.5.3 Peroxide Value
3.5.4 Acid Value
3.5.5 Fatty Acid Composition
3.6 Data Analysis
3.6.1 Statistical Methods
3.6.2 Interpretation of Results
Chapter 4: Results and Discussion
4.1 Proximate Composition of Bush Pear
4.1.1 Nutritional Content Analysis
4.1.2 Comparison with Other Fruits
4.2 Phytochemical Properties of Bush Pear
4.2.1 Presence of Bioactive Compounds
4.2.2 Potential Health Benefits
4.3 Oil Yield and Physicochemical Properties
4.3.1 Extraction Efficiency
4.3.2 Physicochemical Characteristics
4.3.3 Fatty Acid Profile
4.4 Applications and Potential Uses of Bush Pear Oil
4.4.1 Culinary Applications
4.4.2 Industrial Applications
4.4.3 Health and Cosmetic Applications
4.5 Comparative Analysis with Other Edible Oils
4.6 Discussion of Results in Context of Existing Literature
Chapter 5: Conclusion and Recommendations
5.1 Summary of Findings
5.2 Conclusions
5.3 Practical Implications
5.4 Recommendations for Future Research
5.5 Final Thoughts
References
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