A CASE STUDY ON THE MANAGEMENT OF GROWER PIGS

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A CASE STUDY ON THE MANAGEMENT OF GROWER PIGS

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background of the study

The growing population in Nigeria has greatly influenced the demand for animal protein over the years and this has caused the supply of meat to be in low demand. The intake of animal protein in Nigeria stands at 3.5g/caput/day. This is still far less than the 35g caput/day as recommended by Word Health Organization (WHO). This shortage of animal protein consumption is partly due to the high cost of conventional sources of meat like cattle, Pig, Goat, Sheep and poultry, (Tewe, 1999). It is therefore necessary to search for a cheaper alternative source of meat to meet the ever increasing OFdemand for animal protein. This quest can only be met by “Short – cycled” animals such as rabbits, poultry and pigs. Pigs have been described as one of the most prolific and fast growing livestock that can convert food waste to valuable products. They excel above other red meat animals such as cattle, sheep and goat in converting feed to flesh. And their annual growth rate (3.8%) is higher than that of the human population (2.30 – 2.80%). The indigenous pigs have been recommended as a good alternative source of cheap, high quality animal protein that suits escalating human population. They have relatively low cost of production and their growth rate is fast, (Osaro, 1995). They also have short generation interval, high production potential, high prolificacy and high carcass yield. They adapt easily to environmental conditions (ILCA, 1992). Pig Production has therefore been advocated as a short term measure towards alleviating the animal protein and calorie deficit, especially where there are no religious edicts preventing their production and consumption, (Eusebio, 1984). Nigeria is estimated to have 4.4million pigs, about 78% of these are found in the sub-humid zones of Northern and southern Guinea savannah (Shaib et al, 1997). Most of the pigs are reared in the extensive system, and their productivity has been reported to be low (Okorie, 1978). Efforts have been directed therefore towards improving their productivity through adequate nutrition (Ladokun et al; 2006), improved health and management )Balogun 1981), breed development specifically through cross – breeding with superior exotic breeds. The pig is not only a source of animal protein, it also serves as an investment alternative and source of additional income especially in the rural areas. In the southern part of Nigeria, pig farming is kept in commercial quantities because there are no ethnic or religious taboos forbidding its production. But most times, pig keeping has been reported to be a secondary enterprise and represents some proportion for the income earned by households, most especially women. (Holness, 1991).

Improvement in quantity as well as well as quality of pig herds will go a long way in meeting the nutritional requirement of Nigerians and it will also cut down drastically on the colossal bill, resulting from the importation of animals and animal products. Such improvement will bridge the gap between animal protein production and consumption with an attendant advantage of increased rural employment and income. In the light of the above observation, there is the need for farmers and government agencies such as National Directorate for Employment (NDE), Agricultural Development Projects (ADP) located where there is no religious ethics against the production and consumption of pigs, to give pig production a top priority in their programmes of activities. The aim of the study therefore was to appraise the general production level of pigs management and the constraints against its rapid expansion in the study areas.

1.2 Statement of the problem

To boost the indigenous pig performance, there is need to improve management, the intensive system which has the advantage of reducing disease incidence and mortality rates is therefore advocated. Prompt disease control measures will improve overall productivity of pigs. A better housing measure of cement – brick wall with zinc roof and concrete floor-type will also help. Pig production offers farmers among other benefits a readily available income and serves as a sources of high quality animal protein for households in addition to it socio-economic values. Hence, there is urgent need to develop and implement intervention programmes that will minimize high mortality rate in the programmes in order to increase the level of production in the study areas.

The resultant effect of higher animal productivity at the farmer’s level can be seen in enhanced income and improved living standards of the farmers and their household as well as increased animal protein for Nigerians

1.3 Objectives of the study

1. To understand the impact of grower pigs on agricultural productivity

2. To identify the relationship between the management of grower pigs and agricultural productivity

1.4 Research Questions

1. What is the impact of grower pigs on agricultural productivity

2. What is the relationship between the management of grower pigs and agricultural productivity

1.5 Research Hypothesis

H0: There is no relationship between the management of grower pigs and agricultural productivity

H1: There is a relationship between the management of grower pigs and agricultural productivity

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