A REVIEW AND COMPREHENSIVE STRENGTH OF CONCRETE WITH PALM KERNEL SHELL AS A PARTIAL REPLACEMENT FOR COARSE AGGREGATE

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COMPREHENSIVE STRENGTH OF CONCRETE WITH PALM KERNEL SHELL AS A PARTIAL REPLACEMENT FOR COARSE AGGREGATE

Abstract:

This study investigates the influence of incorporating palm kernel shell (PKS) as a partial replacement for coarse aggregate in concrete to enhance sustainability and reduce the environmental impact of construction materials. The research involves the comprehensive assessment of the mechanical, durability, and microstructural properties of concrete mixes with varying percentages of PKS.

Concrete specimens were cast with different proportions of PKS, replacing conventional coarse aggregate, and subjected to rigorous testing. The mechanical properties, including compressive strength, tensile strength, and flexural strength, were examined at various curing periods to evaluate the performance of PKS-incorporated concrete. Durability aspects, such as water absorption, chloride ion penetration resistance, and freeze-thaw durability, were also investigated.

Microstructural changes within the concrete matrix were analyzed using advanced techniques such as scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The results aim to provide a comprehensive understanding of how the incorporation of PKS influences the overall strength and durability of concrete.

This research contributes to the ongoing efforts in sustainable construction practices, offering valuable insights into the potential of PKS as a viable alternative to conventional coarse aggregate in concrete production. The findings may pave the way for environmentally conscious construction materials, fostering a more eco-friendly approach to infrastructure development.

CHAPTER ONE:

INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background of the Study

Concrete, a fundamental building material, plays a pivotal role in the construction industry. The traditional formulation of concrete involves the use of coarse and fine aggregates, cement, water, and additives. However, with a growing emphasis on sustainable construction practices, there is a need to explore alternative materials that can partially or wholly replace conventional aggregates. One such material under consideration is Palm Kernel Shell (PKS), an agricultural waste product generated from the palm oil industry. PKS exhibits promising characteristics that make it a potential candidate for use as a partial replacement for coarse aggregate in concrete, with the aim of improving sustainability and reducing environmental impact.

1.2 Statement of the Problem

The construction industry is a major consumer of natural resources, and the extraction of conventional aggregates has environmental implications. Additionally, the disposal of agricultural waste, such as Palm Kernel Shell, poses challenges in terms of environmental sustainability. Therefore, addressing these issues by investigating the feasibility of using Palm Kernel Shell as a partial replacement for coarse aggregate in concrete is a pertinent challenge. Understanding the effects of this substitution on the comprehensive strength of concrete is essential for promoting sustainable building practices.

1.3 Objectives of the Study

The primary objectives of this research are as follows:

To assess the feasibility of using Palm Kernel Shell as a partial replacement for coarse aggregate in concrete.

To investigate the influence of varying percentages of Palm Kernel Shell on the compressive strength of concrete.

To analyze the comprehensive strength characteristics of concrete mixes incorporating Palm Kernel Shell.

To provide insights into the potential applications and limitations of using Palm Kernel Shell in concrete for sustainable construction.

1.4 Research Questions

The study will address the following research questions:

How feasible is the use of Palm Kernel Shell as a partial replacement for coarse aggregate in concrete?

How does the percentage of Palm Kernel Shell replacement influence the compressive strength of concrete?

What are the comprehensive strength characteristics of concrete mixes incorporating Palm Kernel Shell?

What are the potential applications and limitations of using Palm Kernel Shell in concrete for sustainable construction?

1.5 Significance of the Study

This research holds significance in several aspects. Firstly, it contributes to the body of knowledge on sustainable construction materials by exploring the potential use of Palm Kernel Shell in concrete production. Secondly, it addresses environmental concerns by repurposing agricultural waste, reducing reliance on traditional aggregates, and promoting sustainable construction practices. Thirdly, the study provides valuable information for builders, engineers, and policymakers to make informed decisions regarding the incorporation of Palm Kernel Shell in concrete mixes.

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