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EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES AND SCHOOL SUPERVISION AS PREDICTORS OF ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE OF SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS
Abstract
The study examines the relationship between educational resources, school supervision, and the academic performance of secondary school students. Educational resources, including textbooks, laboratory facilities, classrooms, and teaching aids, are critical for effective teaching and learning, while school supervision ensures adherence to educational standards and fosters a conducive learning environment. This research adopts a correlational design to explore how the availability and utilization of these resources, coupled with the frequency and quality of school supervision, predict students’ academic outcomes.
A sample of 300 secondary school students and 50 teachers was selected using stratified random sampling from five schools in the study area. Data were collected through structured questionnaires and performance records. The findings reveal that educational resources significantly contribute to academic performance (r = 0.75, p < 0.01), while effective school supervision also has a positive and statistically significant impact (r = 0.68, p < 0.01). Furthermore, the combined influence of educational resources and school supervision accounts for 56% of the variance in students’ academic performance.
The study highlights the importance of adequate provision of learning resources and regular, constructive supervision to enhance student performance. It recommends increased funding for educational resources, capacity building for school supervisors, and the integration of modern technologies to optimize supervision practices. The findings provide valuable insights for policymakers, school administrators, and stakeholders in the education sector to improve the quality of secondary education.
Keywords: Educational resources, school supervision, academic performance, secondary schools, predictors.
Table of Contents
Chapter One: Introduction
1.1 Background to the Study
1.2 Statement of the Problem
1.3 Objectives of the Study
1.4 Research Questions
1.5 Research Hypotheses
1.6 Significance of the Study
1.7 Scope and Delimitation of the Study
1.8 Definition of Terms
Chapter Two: Literature Review
2.1 Conceptual Framework
2.1.1 Educational Resources: Definition and Types
2.1.2 School Supervision: Definition and Processes
2.1.3 Academic Performance: Indicators and Factors
2.2 Theoretical Framework
2.2.1 Systems Theory
2.2.2 Human Capital Theory
2.3 Empirical Review
2.3.1 Studies on the Impact of Educational Resources on Academic Performance
2.3.2 Studies on the Role of School Supervision in Academic Performance
2.3.3 Combined Effect of Resources and Supervision on Academic Performance
2.4 Gaps in the Literature
Chapter Three: Research Methodology
3.1 Research Design
3.2 Population of the Study
3.3 Sample Size and Sampling Techniques
3.4 Instrumentation
3.5 Validity and Reliability of Instruments
3.6 Methods of Data Collection
3.7 Methods of Data Analysis
3.8 Ethical Considerations
Chapter Four: Data Presentation, Analysis, and Interpretation
4.1 Socio-Demographic Characteristics of Respondents
4.2 Analysis of Research Questions
4.3 Testing of Hypotheses
4.4 Discussion of Findings
Chapter Five: Summary, Conclusion, and Recommendations
5.1 Summary of Findings
5.2 Conclusion
5.3 Recommendations
5.4 Implications for Policy and Practice
5.5 Suggestions for Further Research
References
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