QUALITY MANAGEMENT IN HEALTH CARE CONCEPTS,PRINCIPLES AND STANDARDS

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PREVALENCE STUDY OF HEPATITIS B (AUSTRALIAN ANTIGEN) AMONG PATIENTS IN NATIONAL ORTHOPAEDIC HOSPITAL, ENUGU

ABSTRACT

The prevalence of viral hepatitis B among patients in National Orthopedic Hospital Enugu was studied. The samples comprised that of men , woman and children 200 in numbers, all patient of orthopedic Hospital Enugu. Laboratory investigation done were this HBs tested which 110 patient out of the 200 patients tested positive, and liver function tests found abnormal in almost all the patients that tested positive to HBsAG routine test. The commonest clinical presentations were fever and jaundice seen in Jo patient out of the 110 patients. The infection was highest amongst young adult 21-30 years of age. This accounted for 17.5% of the positive patients population it was lowest amongst children 1-10 and old people 60-70 which made up 5% of the infected population. The study also gave the general view of the group of individual affected whether children or adult, and the wid expired of the repetitious B. Hepatitis B one of the major cause of human suffering in the world despite a though understanding of its transmission and prevention and control by use of vaccine was found to be prevalent in National Orthopedic Hospital Enugu among the patients.

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background

Hepatitis B is a viral infection that attacks the liver. It is a serious global public health problem, with an estimated 257 million people chronically infected worldwide https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/hepatitis-b. The virus is transmitted through contact with infected blood or bodily fluids. In Nigeria, Hepatitis B is a major public health concern with a high prevalence rate https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34717586/.

1.2 Rationale

National Orthopaedic Hospital, Enugu (NOHE) is a major referral center for orthopedic cases in Nigeria. Patients undergoing various orthopedic procedures are at potential risk of exposure to Hepatitis B due to invasive procedures and the use of contaminated instruments. This study aims to determine the prevalence of Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection among patients attending NOHE.

1.3 Objectives

The primary objective of this study is to determine the prevalence of Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) positivity among patients attending NOHE.

1.4 Significance of the Study

The findings of this study will provide valuable information on the burden of Hepatitis B infection among patients attending NOHE. This information will be used to:

Develop targeted interventions for the prevention and control of Hepatitis B transmission within the hospital setting.

Inform public health policies for Hepatitis B control in Nigeria.

Raise awareness about Hepatitis B among patients and healthcare workers at NOHE.

1.5 Scope and Limitations

This study will focus on determining the prevalence of HBsAg positivity among patients attending NOHE. It will not investigate the risk factors associated with Hepatitis B infection or the genotypes of the circulating HBV strains.

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