THE OAU AND CONFLICT MANAGEMENT IN THE NIGERIA CIVIL WAR

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THE OAU AND CONFLICT MANAGEMENT IN THE NIGERIA CIVIL WAR

ABSTRACT

The Organization of African Unity (OAU) played a significant role in conflict management during the Nigeria Civil War (1967-1970). This abstract explores the OAU’s involve

ement in mediating the conflict between the Nigerian government and the secessionist state of Biafra. It examines the diplomatic initiatives, peacekeeping efforts, and mediation processes undertaken by the OAU to resolve the crisis. Additionally, the abstract analyzes the OAU’s challenges, successes, and limitations in mitigating the conflict and promoting peace in the region. By shedding light on the OAU’s role in the Nigeria Civil War, this abstract contributes to the understanding of African conflict resolution mechanisms and their effectiveness in managing intra-state conflicts.

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

The Nigerian Civil War, also known as the Biafran War, was a devastating conflict that unfolded between 1967 and 1970 in Nigeria. It was a conflict that resulted from deep-seated ethnic, political, and economic tensions, ultimately leading to the secession of the southeastern region, which declared itself the independent state of Biafra. The war witnessed significant loss of life, displacement of populations, and economic turmoil, making it one of the most tragic episodes in African history.

The Organization of African Unity (OAU), now known as the African Union (AU), played a crucial role in the efforts to manage and ultimately resolve this protracted and brutal conflict. Established in 1963, the OAU had a primary objective of promoting unity and cooperation among African states and, crucially, preventing and resolving conflicts within the continent.

1.2 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

The Nigerian Civil War presented a significant test for the organization, challenging its principles of sovereignty, non-interference, and peaceful resolution of disputes.

1.3 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

This study seeks to examine the role played by the OAU in the conflict management of the Nigerian Civil War. It will explore the historical context that led to the outbreak of the war, the actions taken by the OAU, and the impact of its involvement on the conflict’s resolution. Through an in-depth analysis of primary and secondary sources, including historical records, official documents, and scholarly research, this research will shed light on the OAU’s engagement in this conflict and assess its effectiveness in managing and ultimately ending the war.

1.4 Research Objectives

To provide a comprehensive historical overview of the Nigerian Civil War, highlighting the root causes and significant events leading to the conflict.

To analyze the role of the OAU in the conflict management of the Nigerian Civil War, including the organization’s diplomatic efforts, peacekeeping initiatives, and mediation attempts.

To assess the impact of the OAU’s involvement on the resolution of the Nigerian Civil War, including its influence on the warring parties and the eventual ceasefire and reunification of Nigeria.

To evaluate the lessons that can be drawn from the OAU’s experience in managing the Nigerian Civil War and its implications for contemporary conflict management efforts in Africa.

1.5 Research purpose

Understanding the role of the OAU in the Nigerian Civil War is not only crucial for historical comprehension but also has broader implications for the study of international relations, conflict resolution, and the development of Africa. The OAU’s involvement in the conflict offers insights into the challenges and opportunities faced by regional organizations in addressing complex intra-state conflicts. Moreover, this research contributes to a more comprehensive understanding of the evolution of the African Union, the successor to the OAU, and its approach to conflict management on the continent.

1.6 Scope of the Study

This study is organized into several chapters, each addressing a specific aspect of the OAU’s role in managing the Nigerian Civil War. The subsequent chapters will explore the historical background, the OAU’s diplomatic efforts, peacekeeping missions, mediation attempts, and the eventual resolution of the conflict. Additionally, a critical analysis of the lessons learned from the OAU’s involvement will be presented.

Table of Contents

Chapter 1: Introduction

1.1 Background and Context

1.2 Significance of the Study

1.3 Objectives of the Study

1.4 Scope and Limitations

1.5 Structure of the Thesis

Chapter 2: Historical Overview of the Nigeria Civil War

2.1 Causes and Origins of the Conflict

2.2 Key Actors and Stakeholders

2.3 Phases and Major Events

2.4 Humanitarian Impact and Consequences