ANALYSIS OF EFFECTS OF HIV/AIDS AMONG MEN, WOMEN AND YOUTH IN CROP PRODUCTION IN JEMA’A AND GIWA LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREAS OF KADUNA STATE, NIGERIA

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ANALYSIS OF EFFECTS OF HIV/AIDS AMONG MEN, WOMEN AND YOUTH IN CROP PRODUCTION IN JEMA’A AND GIWA LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREAS OF KADUNA STATE, NIGERIA

ABSTRACT

The main objective of this study was to analyse effects of HIV/AIDS among men, women and youth in crop production in Jema‟a and Giwa local government areas of Kaduna state, Nigeria. Jema‟a and Giwa were purposively selected due to the prevalence of HIV/AIDS and the people are predominantly crop farmers. The specific objectives were to(i) identify the socio-economic characteristics of HIV/AIDS infected men, women and youth farmers,(ii) describe the reasons influencing the spread of HIV/AIDS among the farmers,(iii) identify the prevalence level of HIV/AIDS among the farmers,(iv) analyse the effects of HIV/AIDS (on crops output, income and level of living) among the farmers, (v) describe the coping strategies among HIV/AIDS infected farmers and (vi) identify the challenges/constraints faced among HIV/AIDS infected farmers in the study area. A sample size of 192 respondents was randomly and proportionately selected for the study. Structured questionnaire was used to elicit relevant data from the respondents. Percentages and analysis of variance (ANOVA) were used to analyse the data. The results showed that men and women were 41.8% and youth58.2%, and 73.0% had secondary education status, about 70% of the respondents earned between N1,000.00 – N15,000.00 monthly with the mean earning of N12,595.1. About 51 of respondents used family labour while 46% had family size of 6-10 members, about 69% were married and 40% had farm sizes of less than one hectare with about 28% having 6-10 years farming experience. Also, about 71% respondents do not have access to credit facilities. It was also found that 92% of the respondents had sex for satisfaction, 88% had sex for love and 86% had sex for money. The study also revealed that about 38% of women, and 35% of youth had higher prevalence of HIV/AIDS and because women constitutes the highest percentage among the youth group then that of men. In addition, the study found that the age group prone to HIV/AIDS is 21-39 years which corresponds to most sexually active age group. The study established that about 84% of respondents agree that HIV/AIDS significantly affects their crops output and income at5% level of significance. Generally, the common strategies adopted by the respondents in coping with HIV/AIDS includes sales of family assets, crops, labour; substitute expensive meals; live on less intake of preferred food and withdrawal of children from school. It was established that the general constraints affecting the HIV/AIDS infected farmers study area were stigmatization, insufficient income, lack of means of income (farm land), distance to medical care facilities and gender bias in terms of job opportunities affects the respondents in managing their HIV/AIDS status and crop production. It was concluded that HIV/AIDS has significant economic effects on crops output and income of the respondents implying that there might be a diverted attention, time and money in nursing the HIV/AIDS patients and burial or funeral services instead of on crop production. Consequently, it was recommended that poverty reduction strategies or measures need to be taken seriously and given priority for e.g., micro credit facilities for borrowing and the creation of sustainable income for the people affected by HIV/AIDS, direct support and supply of inputs need promptly at highly subsidized rate, intensification on enlightenment campaign on abstinence and use of condom among this active group, special package and programs towards alleviating or improving women income conditions since they are the most affected or vulnerable group by HIV/AIDS. Also, based on land ownership, income levels and gender which the female fold suffers most, there is need to draw up legislation that can protect the land rights of women and children who contributes in a great measure to crop production development in Nigeria.

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