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FILM REJECT ANALYSIS AND IMAGE QUALITY IN DIAGNOSTIC RADIOLOGY DEPARTMENT OF NNAMDI AZIKWE TEACHING HOSPITAL NNEWI
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of the study
An imaging modality can be characterized by its spatial contrast and temporal resolutions. The capabilities of computed tomography (CT) to other imaging modalities can be understood in these terms. Computed tomography has become a valuable tool in medicine, industry, archaeology and other fields. Therefore, various types of CT artefacts will need to be effectively removed in order not to compromise resolutions
An image artefact is a visualized structure in the reconstructed data that is not present in the object under investigation. In CT, the term is applied to any systematic discrepancy between the CT numbers in the reconstructed image and the true attenuation coefficients of the object [5].
Artefacts are commonly encountered in clinical Computed Tomography (CT), and may obscure or simulate pathology. They also degrade the quality of the image tremendously, often obscuring valuable details and detracting from its usability [7]. There are many different types of CT artifacts, including noise, beam hardening, scatter, pseudo enhancement, motion, cone beam, helical, ring and metal artifacts.
Many sources can be the origin of CT artefacts. Most artefacts can be prevented by using new designs in scanner technology, by careful positioning of patients during scanning, and by optimum selection of scanner parameters (pitch, filter kind and delivered energy). Some others can be reduced by addressing the problem in software developments. Most artefacts appear as streak effects in CT images and some of the causes are metallic objects, beam hardening, photon starvation and motion.
It is also possible to group the origins of these artefacts into four categories: (a) physics-based artefacts, which result from the physical processes involved in the acquisition of CT data; (b) patient based artefacts, which are caused by such factors as patient movement or the presence of metallic materials in or on the patient; (c) scanner-based artifacts, which result from imperfections in scanner function; and (d) helical and multi-section artefacts, which are produced by the image reconstruction process.
1.2 Statement of the problem
Poor knowledge of the types and origin of artefacts encountered in clinical practice might lead to repeat investigations with the attendant radiation risks. Also, patients wait for longer hours and waste valuable man hours in the hospital. There is also more stress imposed on the machine as well as on the radiographers themselves. In the centre in focus, since the installation of a CT scanner in 2011, hundreds of CT investigations had been carried out. However, no study is known to have been done to analyze the images for artefacts. This study was therefore, planned to address that issue.
1.3 Objectives of the study
1. To understand the impact of reject analysis and image quality in diagnostic radiology department of Nnamdi Azikwe teaching hospital, Nnewi.
2. To understand the relationship between reject abalysis and image quality and diagnostic radiology department of Nnamdi Azikwe teaching hospital, Nnewi
1.4 Research Questions
1. What is the impact of reject analysis and image quality in diagnostic radiology department of Nnamdi Azikwe teaching hospital, Nnewi.
2. What is the relationship between reject abalysis and image quality and diagnostic radiology department of Nnamdi Azikwe teaching hospital, Nnewi
1.5 Research Hypothesis
H0: There is no relationship between reject abalysis and image quality and diagnostic radiology department of Nnamdi Azikwe teaching hospital, Nnewi
H1: There is a relationship between reject abalysis and image quality and diagnostic radiology department of Nnamdi Azikwe teaching hospital, Nnewi
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