THE EFFECT OF ARMED CONFLICT ON HEALTH OUTCOME IN NIGERIA

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THE EFFECT OF ARMED CONFLICT ON HEALTH OUTCOME IN NIGERIA

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

Background of the study

Nigeria is facing multiple crises across the country. In the northeast, particularly in the states of Borno, Adamawa, and Yobe, the government is fighting the Boko Haram insurgency. Since the beginning of the conflict, over 20,000 people have reportedly been killed, over 2 million are internally displaced, and over 200,000 have fled to Cameroon, Niger, or Chad. In the Middle Belt region, conflicts between herders and farmers escalated in 2018, killing over 1,300 over the course of the year, making it deadlier than the Boko Haram insurgency. Climate change is one of the causes of this conflict, as it has brought about desertification, resulting in clashes over resources. Nigeria is also dealing with an influx of refugees fleeing the violence in Cameroon’s Anglophone region and arriving in Cross River, Benue, and Taraba States. Despite the humanitarian needs triggered by these other crises, the bulk of the humanitarian response and the only large-scale humanitarian structure are in the northeast. Therefore, this issue brief focuses on the humanitarian health response in the northeast.

The humanitarian situation in the northeast is deteriorating, with almost 8 million people heavily dependent on humanitarian aid. An estimated 823,000 people are out of the reach of aid organizations, and little is known about their health needs. According to the UN, 5.4 million people are in need of healthcare. People face significant risks of epidemic-prone diseases such as cholera, measles, and endemic malaria, as well as mental illness and sexual and genderbased violence. The Ministry of Health declared a cholera outbreak in September 2018, which has led to 6,000 reported cases and seventy-three deaths as of November 2018.8

A recent upsurge in violence in the northeast has led tens of thousands of people to flee their homes, adding to already high levels of internal displacement.9 Among those internally displaced, malaria, acute respiratory infections, and watery diarrhea are the top three causes of illness, and levels of severe acute malnutrition are high.10 The needs generated by the crisis have been added to existing chronic development challenges, marginalization, poverty, and poor health.11

This issue brief aims to assist UN agencies, NGOs, member states, and donor agencies in providing and supporting the provision of adequate health services to conflict-affected populations in Nigeria. It maps and explains the challenges health actors face, the understanding of which is key to ensuring that health policies are adequate. It also looks at the governance structures set up to operationalize those policies, seeks to identify and analyze gaps in policy and implementation, and provides recommendations for bridging those gaps. It focuses on the coordination of health actors, the prioritization of health services, the sustainability of health services and the transition to development work, context-specificity and

Statement of the problem

There may have been previous researches in this subject. This work gives further explanations and analysis in the effect of armed conflict on health outcome in nigeria

Objectives of the study
To understand the effect of armed conflict on health outcome in nigeria
To understand the relationship between armed conflict and health outcome in nigeria